使用
启动与停止
macOS
mysql.server start
mysql.server stop
mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown
mysql -u root -p
Windows(使用管理员权限的 CMD)
net start mysql
net stop mysql
连接
mysql -u 用户名 -p密码 -h 服务器IP地址 -P 服务器端MySQL端口号 -D 数据库名
授权
授权远程登录
grant 权限1,权限2,…权限n on 数据库名称.表名称 to 用户名@用户地址 identified by '连接口令';
修改密码
方法1: 用SET PASSWORD命令
mysql -u root
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpass');
方法2:用 mysqladmin
mysqladmin -u root password "newpass"
如果root已经设置过密码,采用如下方法
mysqladmin -u root password oldpass "newpass"
方法3: 用UPDATE直接编辑user表
mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpass') WHERE user = 'root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
在丢失root密码的时候,可以这样
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables&
mysql -u root mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("new password") WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
命令行执行脚本
mysql -u root -p111111 -Dtest < test.sql
其它问题
MySQL 5.7 在 Windows 下安装后无法直接运行,需要步骤:
- mysqld install
- mysqld –initialize-insecure 自动生成无密码的 root 用户或 mysqld –initialize 自动生成带随机密码的 root 用户
- net start mysql
- Mysql -u root
常用 SQL
查看
-- 查看表的创建语句
desc tb_name;
show create table tb_name;
-- 查看表的索引
show index from table_name;
修改
-- 修改列属性
alter table tb_name modify column_name int auto_increment;
(如果是修改主键,不能带 primary key,不然会报 ERROR 1068 (42000): Multiple primary key defined)
dump
-- dump 库
mysqldump -u root -p db_name > 1.txt
-- dump 表
mysqldump -u root -p db_name tb_name > 1.txt
-- dump 表不带数据
mysqldump -u root -p --no-date db_name tb_name > 1.txt
数据库状态
show engine INNODB status;
脏页相关
-- flush 脏页时是否刷新邻居
show VARIABLES like 'innodb_flush_neighbors';
-- 设置该值
set global innodb_flush_neighbors = 0;
-- 查看脏页比例
select VARIABLE_VALUE into @a from PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA.global_status where VARIABLE_NAME = 'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_dirty';
select VARIABLE_VALUE into @b from PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA.global_status where VARIABLE_NAME = 'Innodb_buffer_pool_pages_total';
select @a/@b;
磁盘空间相关
查看数据库内磁盘占用空间:
SELECT
table_name,
TABLE_SCHEMA,
( DATA_LENGTH + INDEX_LENGTH + DATA_FREE ) / 1024 / 1024 MB,
TABLE_ROWS
FROM
information_schema. TABLES
WHERE
TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('information_schema','mysql')
ORDER BY
MB DESC
LIMIT 0,
50
查看表中数据、索引、已分配给表但没有使用空间:
SELECT
table_name,
TABLE_SCHEMA,
DATA_LENGTH/ 1024 / 1024 _DATA, INDEX_LENGTH/ 1024 / 1024 _INDEX, DATA_FREE/ 1024 / 1024 _DATA_FREE,
TABLE_ROWS
FROM
information_schema. TABLES
WHERE
TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('information_schema','mysql')
ORDER BY
_DATA DESC
LIMIT 0,
50
查看数据库的文件大小:
SELECT file_name, concat(TOTAL_EXTENTS,'M') as 'FIle_size' FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.FILES order by TOTAL_EXTENTS DESC
阻塞问题排查/解决
-- 查看有哪些表是打开的
show open tables -- where in_use > 0;
-- 查看进程
show [full] processlist;
-- 查看 Sending data 状态的进程
select * from information_schema.`PROCESSLIST` where db = 'db_name' and state = 'Sending data' order by time desc;
-- 批量生成 kill <pid>; 语句
select concat("kill ", id, ";") from information_schema.`PROCESSLIST` where db = 'db_name' and state = 'Sending data' order by time desc;
-- 批量生成 kill <pid>; 语句并将结果集写到文件
select concat("kill ", id, ";") from information_schema.`PROCESSLIST` where db = 'db_name' and state = 'Sending data' order by time desc into outfile '/tmp/a.txt';
-- 执行文件
source /tmp/a.txt
-- 杀掉指定进程
kill <pid>;
-- 查看正在锁的事务
select * from information_schema.INNODB_LOCKS;
-- 查看等待的事务
select * from information_schema.INNODB_LOCK_WAITS;
-- 查看线程相关数量
show global status like 'Thread%'
-- 查看缓存线程数配置
show VARIABLES like 'thread_cache_size'
SQL 技巧
-- 在原值后面附加内容,以值的最右几位为条件
update table_name set col1 = concat(col1, 'xxx') where right(col1, 1) = '?';
-- limit 示例
SELECT * FROM Orders LIMIT 30;
SELECT * FROM Orders LIMIT 10 OFFSET 15; -- 第 16 到第 25 个结果
SELECT * FROM Orders LIMIT 15, 10; -- 等价于上面